When we speak about crime, the focus often falls on the individual:“they made a bad choice”. What if it’s also about the environment in which those decisions are made?
The role of inequality
Inequality does not just affect bank balances – it seriously affects communities. It can shape opportunities, limit access to education, healthcare, and stable employment. When these opportunities remain scarce, people may feel pressured into choices they would not consider otherwise.
In areas of high deprivation, prospects may seem distant, while illegal routes may appear more immediate and accessible.
This does not mean that crime is inevitable for those living in poverty, as many people overcome adversity lawfully. However, research consistently shows the link between poverty and high crime rates.
What does research tell us?
According to the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW), crime against individuals and households has generally decreased over the past decade, but certain types - such as fraud and theft - remain more prevalent in areas with higher deprivation.
The Joseph Rowntree Foundation reports that over 14 million people in the UK were living in poverty in 2022/23, with 6 million in very deep poverty, meaning their income was far below the poverty line.
These conditions can create environments where survival becomes a priority, and bad decisions - including criminal ones - may feel like the only option.
Beyond poverty: other motivations for crime
It is important to highlight that poverty is not the only driver of criminality. Factors such as greed, power and opportunity also play a significant role. White-collar crime, such as embezzlement and insider trading, is often carried out by privileged individuals for personal gain. Psychological and sociological factors such as entitlement, greed or selfishness can also drive white collar crime.
Psychology and Criminology courses
Find out more about our courses
This is why crime cannot be explained by a single factor. Laws exist to protect communities and breaking them is a conscious act. Understanding why people choose to break those laws requires a deeper look into both individual psychology and societal structures.
Studying Psychology or Criminology at BCU
At Birmingham City University, our Psychology and Criminology courses encourage students to move beyond surface-level explanations. You’ll explore crime through multiple lenses - examining how mental health, social inequality, and cultural norms intersect with criminal behaviour.
Our courses equip students with the tools to critically analyse crime, understand its root causes, and consider how policy, justice, and rehabilitation can shape safer communities. Whether you are interested in psychology, policing, criminal justice, or social reform, our courses empower students to create meaningful change in their field and beyond.